Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-11 (of 11 Records) |
Query Trace: Eason J[original query] |
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Survey of invasive mosquito surveillance and control capacity in Southeastern USA reveals training and resource needs
Nguyen V , Weaver-Romero AL , Wang X , Tavares Y , Bauer A , McDowell RC , Dorsainvil C , Eason MD , Malcolm AN , Raz CD , Byrd BD , Riegel C , Clark M , Ber J , Harrison RL , Evans CL , Zohdy S , Allen B , Campbell LP , Killingsworth D , Grey EW , Riles MT , Lee Y , Giordano BV . J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2023 39 (2) 108-121 Several invasive mosquito species that are nuisances or of medical and veterinary importance have been introduced into the Southeastern region of the USA, posing a threat to other species and the local ecosystems and/or increasing the risk of pathogen transmission to people, livestock, and domestic pets. Prompt and effective monitoring and control of invasive species is essential to prevent them from spreading and causing harmful effects. However, the capacity for invasive mosquito species surveillance is highly variable among mosquito control programs in the Southeast, depending on a combination of factors such as regional geography and climate, access to resources, and the ability to interact with other programs. To facilitate the development of invasive mosquito surveillance in the region, we, the Mosquito BEACONS (Biodiversity Enhancement and Control of Non-native Species) working group, conducted a survey on the capacities of various public health agencies and pest control agencies engaged in mosquito surveillance and control in seven Southeastern states (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina). Ninety control programs completed the survey, representing an overall response rate of 25.8%. We report key findings from our survey, emphasizing the training and resource needs, and discuss their implications for future invasive mosquito surveillance and control capacity building. By increasing communication and collaboration opportunities (e.g., real-time sharing of collection records, coordinated multistate programs), the establishment of Mosquito BEACONS and the implementation of this survey can accelerate knowledge transfer and improve decision support capacity in response to or in preparation for invasive mosquito surveillance and can establish infrastructure that can be used to inform programs around the world. |
Enhancing surveillance protocols for acute hepatitis C virus infection, Utah, 2014-2019
Lewis NM , Eason J , Barbeau B , Boulton R , Nakashima AK , Dunn AC . Public Health Rep 2022 138 (3) 333549221101381 During 2014-2019, the Utah Department of Health (UDOH) enhanced its surveillance program for acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections by mandating electronic reporting of negative HCV test results in 2015 and liver function test results in 2016. UDOH also engaged with blood and plasma donation centers beginning in 2014 and syringe exchange programs in 2018 to encourage manual reporting of negative HCV test results from facilities without electronic reporting capabilities. UDOH hepatitis surveillance staff also provided training for case investigations in 2017. The number of cases detected increased 14-fold, from 9 during 2012 to 127 during 2019. In 2019, of 127 cases, 55% (n = 70) were detected through negative HCV test results reported electronically before positive test results (ie, recent seroconversions), 25% (n = 32) through positive HCV test results and elevated liver function test results, 18% (n = 23) through manually reported negative HCV test results, and 2% (n = 2) through positive HCV test results and clinical evidence. Challenges to surveillance included accessing patients for investigations and engaging donation centers in reporting negative test results. Utah's experience demonstrates practical considerations for improving surveillance of acute HCV infections. |
Assessment of contact tracing for COVID-19 among people experiencing homelessness, Salt Lake County Health Department, March-May 2020.
Fields VL , Kiphibane T , Eason JT , Hafoka SF , Lopez AS , Schwartz A , Henry A , Tran CH , Tate JE , Kirking HL , Laws RL , Venkatappa T , Mosites E , Montgomery MP . Ann Epidemiol 2021 59 50-55 PURPOSE: Contact tracing is intended to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but it is difficult to conduct among people who live in congregate settings, including people experiencing homelessness (PEH). This analysis compares person-based contact tracing among two populations in Salt Lake County, Utah, from March-May 2020. METHODS: All laboratory-confirmed positive cases among PEH (n=169) and documented in Utah's surveillance system were included in this analysis. The general population comparison group (n=163) were systematically selected from all laboratory-confirmed cases identified during the same period. RESULTS: Ninety-three PEH cases (55%) were interviewed compared to 163 (100%) cases among the general population (p<0.0001). PEH were more likely to be lost to follow-up at end of isolation (14.2%) versus the general population (0%; p-value<0.0001) and provided fewer contacts per case (0.31) than the general population (4.7) (p-value<0.0001). Contacts of PEH were more often unreachable (13.0% vs. 7.1%; p-value<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that contact tracing among PEH should include a location-based approach, along with a person-based approach when resources allow, due to challenges in identifying, locating, and reaching cases among PEH and their contacts through person-based contact tracing efforts alone. |
Human rabies - Utah, 2018
Peterson D , Barbeau B , McCaffrey K , Gruninger R , Eason J , Burnett C , Dunn A , Dimond M , Harbour J , Rossi A , Lopansri B , Dascomb K , Scribellito T , Moosman T , Saw L , Jones C , Belenky M , Marsden L , Niezgoda M , Gigante CM , Condori RE , Ellison JA , Orciari LA , Yager P , Bonwitt J , Whitehouse ER , Wallace RM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 69 (5) 121-124 On November 3, 2018, the Utah Department of Health (UDOH) was notified of a suspected human rabies case in a man aged 55 years. The patient's symptoms had begun 18 days earlier, and he was hospitalized for 15 days before rabies was suspected. As his symptoms worsened, he received supportive care, but he died on November 4. On November 7, a diagnosis of rabies was confirmed by CDC. This was the first documented rabies death in a Utah resident since 1944. This report summarizes the patient's clinical course and the subsequent public health investigation, which determined that the patient had handled several bats in the weeks preceding symptom onset. Public health agencies, in partnership with affected health care facilities, identified and assessed the risk to potentially exposed persons, facilitated receipt of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and provided education to health care providers and the community about the risk for rabies associated with bats. Human rabies is rare and almost always fatal. The findings from this investigation highlight the importance of early recognition of rabies, improved public awareness of rabies in bats, and the use of innovative tools after mass rabies exposure events to ensure rapid and recommended risk assessment and provision of PEP. |
Hepatitis A virus outbreaks associated with drug use and homelessness - California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah, 2017
Foster M , Ramachandran S , Myatt K , Donovan D , Bohm S , Fiedler J , Barbeau B , Collins J , Thoroughman D , McDonald E , Ballard J , Eason J , Jorgensen C . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 67 (43) 1208-1210 During 2017, CDC received 1,521 reports of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections from California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah; the majority of infections were among persons reporting injection or noninjection drug use or homelessness. Investigations conducted by local and state health departments indicated that direct person-to-person transmission of HAV infections was occurring, differing from other recent, large HAV outbreaks attributed to consumption of contaminated commercial food products. Outbreaks with direct HAV transmission among persons reporting drug use or homelessness signals a shift in HAV infection epidemiology in the United States, and vaccination of these populations at high risk can prevent future outbreaks. |
Outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections associated with exposure to animal manure in a rural community - Arizona and Utah, June-July 2017
Luna S , Krishnasamy V , Saw L , Smith L , Wagner J , Weigand J , Tewell M , Kellis M , Penev R , McCullough L , Eason J , McCaffrey K , Burnett C , Oakeson K , Dimond M , Nakashima A , Barlow D , Scherzer A , Sarino M , Schroeder M , Hassan R , Basler C , Wise M , Gieraltowski L . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 67 (23) 659-662 On June 26, 2017, a hospital in southern Utah notified the Utah Department of Health of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 infections in two children from a small community on the Arizona-Utah border. Both children developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, characterized by hemolytic anemia, acute kidney failure, and thrombocytopenia and died within a few days of illness onset. Over the next few days, several more STEC-associated illnesses were reported in residents of the community. A joint investigation by local and state health agencies from Arizona and Utah and CDC was initiated to identify the outbreak source and prevent additional cases; a total of 12 cases were identified, including the two children who died. Investigators initially explored multiple potential sources of illness; epidemiologic and environmental information revealed cow manure contact as the likely initial cause of the outbreak, which was followed by subsequent person-to-person transmission. One of the outbreak strains was isolated from bull and horse manure collected from a yard near a community household with two ill children. Local health agencies made recommendations to the public related to both animal contact and hand hygiene to reduce the risk for STEC transmission. Animal or animal manure contact should be considered a potential source of STEC O157:H7 during outbreaks in communities where ruminants are kept near the home. |
Generalisability of vaccine effectiveness estimates: an analysis of cases included in a postlicensure evaluation of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA
Link-Gelles R , Westreich D , Aiello AE , Shang N , Weber DJ , Rosen JB , Motala T , Mascola L , Eason J , Scherzinger K , Holtzman C , Reingold AL , Barnes M , Petit S , Farley MM , Harrison LH , Zansky S , Thomas A , Schaffner W , McGee L , Whitney CG , Moore MR . BMJ Open 2017 7 (8) e017715 OBJECTIVES: External validity, or generalisability, is the measure of how well results from a study pertain to individuals in the target population. We assessed generalisability, with respect to socioeconomic status, of estimates from a matched case-control study of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine effectiveness for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the USA. DESIGN: Matched case-control study. SETTING: Thirteen active surveillance sites for invasive pneumococcal disease in the USA. PARTICIPANTS: Cases were identified from active surveillance and controls were age and zip code matched. OUTCOME MEASURES: Socioeconomic status was assessed at the individual level via parent interview (for enrolled individuals only) and birth certificate data (for both enrolled and unenrolled individuals) and at the neighbourhood level by geocoding to the census tract (for both enrolled and unenrolled individuals). Prediction models were used to determine if socioeconomic status was associated with enrolment. RESULTS: We enrolled 54.6% of 1211 eligible cases and found a trend toward enrolled cases being more affluent than unenrolled cases. Enrolled cases were slightly more likely to have private insurance at birth (p=0.08) and have mothers with at least some college education (p<0.01). Enrolled cases also tended to come from more affluent census tracts. Despite these differences, our best predictive model for enrolment yielded a concordance statistic of only 0.703, indicating mediocre predictive value. Variables retained in the final model were assessed for effect measure modification, and none were found to be significant modifiers of vaccine effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that although enrolled cases are somewhat more affluent than unenrolled cases, our estimates are externally valid with respect to socioeconomic status. Our analysis provides evidence that this study design can yield valid estimates and the assessing generalisability of observational data is feasible, even when unenrolled individuals cannot be contacted. |
Bias with respect to socioeconomic status: A closer look at zip code matching in a pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness study
Link-Gelles R , Westreich D , Aiello AE , Shang N , Weber DJ , Holtzman C , Scherzinger K , Reingold A , Schaffner W , Harrison LH , Rosen JB , Petit S , Farley M , Thomas A , Eason J , Wigen C , Barnes M , Thomas O , Zansky S , Beall B , Whitney CG , Moore MR . SSM Popul Health 2016 2 587-594 In 2010, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in the US for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) is a potential confounder of the estimated effectiveness of PCV13 and is often controlled for in observational studies using zip code as a proxy. We assessed the utility of zip code matching for control of SES in a post-licensure evaluation of the effectiveness of PCV13 (calculated as [1-matched odds ratio]*100). We used a directed acyclic graph to identify subsets of confounders and collected SES variables from birth certificates, geocoding, a parent interview, and follow-up with medical providers. Cases tended to be more affluent than eligible controls (for example, 48.3% of cases had private insurance vs. 44.6% of eligible controls), but less affluent than enrolled controls (52.9% of whom had private insurance). Control of confounding subsets, however, did not result in a meaningful change in estimated vaccine effectiveness (original estimate: 85.1%, 95% CI 74.8–91.9%; adjusted estimate: 82.5%, 95% CI 65.6–91.1%). In the context of a post-licensure vaccine effectiveness study, zip code appears to be an adequate, though not perfect, proxy for individual SES. |
Possible Zika virus infection among pregnant women - United States and Territories, May 2016
Simeone RM , Shapiro-Mendoza CK , Meaney-Delman D , Petersen EE , Galang RR , Oduyebo T , Rivera-Garcia B , Valencia-Prado M , Newsome KB , Perez-Padilla J , Williams TR , Biggerstaff M , Jamieson DJ , Honein MA , Ahmed F , Anesi S , Arnold KE , Barradas D , Barter D , Bertolli J , Bingham AM , Bollock J , Bosse T , Bradley KK , Brady D , Brown CM , Bryan K , Buchanan V , Bullard PD , Carrigan A , Clouse M , Cook S , Cooper M , Davidson S , DeBarr A , Dobbs T , Dunams T , Eason J , Eckert A , Eggers P , Ellington SR , Feldpausch A , Fredette CR , Gabel J , Glover M , Gosciminski M , Gay M , Haddock R , Hand S , Hardy J , Hartel ME , Hennenfent AK , Hills SL , House J , Igbinosa I , Im L , Jeff H , Khan S , Kightlinger L , Ko JY , Koirala S , Korhonen L , Krishnasamy V , Kurkjian K , Lampe M , Larson S , Lee EH , Lind L , Lindquist S , Long J , Macdonald J , MacFarquhar J , Mackie DP , Mark-Carew M , Martin B , Martinez-Quinones A , Matthews-Greer J , McGee SA , McLaughlin J , Mock V , Muna E , Oltean H , O'Mallan J , Pagano HP , Park SY , Peterson D , Polen KN , Porse CC , Rao CY , Ropri A , Rinsky J , Robinson S , Rosinger AY , Ruberto I , Schiffman E , Scott-Waldron C , Semple S , Sharp T , Short K , Signs K , Slavinski SA , Stevens T , Sweatlock J , Talbot EA , Tonzel J , Traxler R , Tubach S , Van Houten C , VinHatton E , Viray M , Virginie D , Warren MD , Waters C , White P , Williams T , Winters AI , Wood S , Zaganjor I . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (20) 514-9 Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and brain abnormalities (1), and it is the first known mosquito-borne infection to cause congenital anomalies in humans. The establishment of a comprehensive surveillance system to monitor pregnant women with Zika virus infection will provide data to further elucidate the full range of potential outcomes for fetuses and infants of mothers with asymptomatic and symptomatic Zika virus infection during pregnancy. In February 2016, Zika virus disease and congenital Zika virus infections became nationally notifiable conditions in the United States (2). Cases in pregnant women with laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection who have either 1) symptomatic infection or 2) asymptomatic infection with diagnosed complications of pregnancy can be reported as cases of Zika virus disease to ArboNET* (2), CDC's national arboviral diseases surveillance system. Under existing interim guidelines from the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE), asymptomatic Zika virus infections in pregnant women who do not have known pregnancy complications are not reportable. ArboNET does not currently include pregnancy surveillance information (e.g., gestational age or pregnancy exposures) or pregnancy outcomes. To understand the full impact of infection on the fetus and neonate, other systems are needed for reporting and active monitoring of pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Thus, in collaboration with state, local, tribal, and territorial health departments, CDC established two surveillance systems to monitor pregnancies and congenital outcomes among women with laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection(dagger) in the United States and territories: 1) the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR),( section sign) which monitors pregnant women residing in U.S. states and all U.S. territories except Puerto Rico, and 2) the Zika Active Pregnancy Surveillance System (ZAPSS), which monitors pregnant women residing in Puerto Rico. As of May 12, 2016, the surveillance systems were monitoring 157 and 122 pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible Zika virus infection from participating U.S. states and territories, respectively. Tracking and monitoring clinical presentation of Zika virus infection, all prenatal testing, and adverse consequences of Zika virus infection during pregnancy are critical to better characterize the risk for congenital infection, the performance of prenatal diagnostic testing, and the spectrum of adverse congenital outcomes. These data will improve clinical guidance, inform counseling messages for pregnant women, and facilitate planning for clinical and public health services for affected families. |
Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the USA: a matched case-control study
Moore MR , Link-Gelles R , Schaffner W , Lynfield R , Holtzman C , Harrison LH , Zansky SM , Rosen JB , Reingold A , Scherzinger K , Thomas A , Guevara RE , Motala T , Eason J , Barnes M , Petit S , Farley MM , McGee L , Jorgensen JH , Whitney CG . Lancet Respir Med 2016 4 (5) 399-406 BACKGROUND: In 2010, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was licensed and recommended in the USA for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Licensure was based on immunogenicity data comparing PCV13 with the earlier seven-valent formulation. Because clinical endpoints were not assessed for the new antigens, we did a postlicensure matched case-control study to assess vaccine effectiveness. METHODS: Cases in children aged 2-59 months were identified through active surveillance in 13 sites. Controls were identified via birth registries and matched to cases by age and postal (zip) code. The primary objective was the vaccine effectiveness of at least one dose against the 13 serotypes included in PCV13. Secondary objectives included vaccine effectiveness against all-cause invasive pneumococcal disease, against antibiotic non-susceptible invasive pneumococcal disease, and among children with and without underlying conditions. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - matched odds ratio) x 100%. FINDINGS: We enrolled 722 children with invasive pneumococcal disease and 2991 controls; PCV13 serotype cases (217 [30%]) included most commonly serotypes 19A (128 [18%]), 7F (32 [4%]), and 3 (43 [6%]). Vaccine effectiveness against PCV13 serotypes was 86.0% (95% CI 75.5 to 92.3), driven by serotypes 19A and 7F, for which vaccine effectiveness was 85.6% (95% CI 70.6 to 93.5) and 96.5% (82.7 to 100), respectively. We also identified statistically significant effectiveness against serotype 3 (79.5%, 95% CI 30.3 to 94.8) and against antibiotic non-susceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (65.6%, 44.9 to 78.7). Vaccine effectiveness against all-cause invasive pneumococcal disease was 60.2% (95% CI 46.8 to 70.3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar among children with (81.4%, 95% CI 45.4 to 93.6) and without (85.8%, 74.9 to 91.9) underlying conditions. INTERPRETATION: PCV13 appears highly effective against invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the USA in the context of routine and catch-up schedules, although some new vaccine antigens could not be assessed. PCV13 immunisation provides a robust strategy for combating pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance. FUNDING: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
Incidence of West Nile virus infection in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area during the 2012 epidemic
Williamson PC , Custer B , Biggerstaff BJ , Lanciotti RS , Sayers MH , Eason SJ , Dixon MR , Winkelman V , Lanteri MC , Petersen LR , Busch MP . Epidemiol Infect 2016 145 (12) 1-9 The 2012 West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic was the largest since 2003 and the North Texas region was the most heavily impacted. We conducted a serosurvey of blood donors from four counties in the Dallas-Fort Worth area to characterize the epidemic. Blood donor specimens collected in November 2012 were tested for WNV-specific antibodies. Donors positive for WNV-specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies were considered to have been infected in 2012. This number was adjusted using a multi-step process that accounted for timing of IgM seroreversion determined from previous longitudinal studies of WNV-infected donors. Of 4971 donations screened, 139 (2.8%) were confirmed WNV IgG positive, and 69 (1.4%) had IgM indicating infection in 2012. After adjusting for timing of sampling and potential seroreversion, we estimated that 1.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-2.2] of the adult population in the Dallas-Fort Worth area were infected during 2012. The resulting overall estimate for the ratio of infections to reported WNV neuroinvasive disease (WNND) cases was 238:1 (95% CI 192-290), with significantly increased risk of WNND in older age groups. These findings were very similar to previous estimates of infections per WNND case, indicating no change in virulence as WNV evolved into an endemic infection in the United States. |
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